Here the get method finds a key entry for 'e' and finds its value which is 1. We add this to the other 1 in characters.get (character, 0) + 1 and get 2 as result. When we apply this in the characters [character] = characters.get (character, 0) + 1 equation: ... It should be clear that the last equation assigns a new value 2 to the already ...
Ultimately it probably doesn't have a safe .get method because a dict is an associative collection (values are associated with names) where it is inefficient to check if a key is present (and return its value) without throwing an exception, while it is super trivial to avoid exceptions accessing list elements (as the len method is very fast). The .get method allows you to query the value ...
Non-data descriptors, instance and class methods, get their implicit first arguments (usually named self and cls, respectively) from their non-data descriptor method, get - and this is how static methods know not to have an implicit first argument.
What your snippet of code is doing is saying, "Get the value of a GET variable with name 'page', and if it doesn't exist, return 1". Likewise, you will see request.POST used when a user submits a form.
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